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ATM and Layer 3 Switch Router Troubleshooting Guide
OL-1969-01
Chapter 8 Troubleshooting Tag and MPLS Switching Connections
Troubleshooting MPLS VPN
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is used between the PE routers and is necessary for inter-site
connectivity. In the following example, we use internal BGP (iBGP). You can also use external BGP
(eBGP) as an external routing protocol for Provider Edge-to-Customer Equipment route propagation.
You can use the following commands to troubleshoot BGP:
Step 3 Check the destination for a BGP address by entering the show ip /jointfilesconvert/417913/bgp vpnv4 vrf command with the
VRF-name.
8540-PE2# show ip /jointfilesconvert/417913/bgp vpnv4 vrf Green
BGP table version is 17, local router ID is 222.2.1.2
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
Route Distinguisher: 200:1 (default for vrf Green)
*>i111.0.2.100/30 222.2.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*> 111.0.2.116/30 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ?
8540-PE2#
Step 4 Check the destination for a BGP address by using the show ip /jointfilesconvert/417913/bgp vpnv4 vrf command with the
VRF-name and IP-address.
8540-PE2# show ip /jointfilesconvert/417913/bgp vpnv4 vrf Green 111.0.2.116
BGP routing table entry for 200:1:111.0.2.116/30, version 7
Paths: (1 available, best #1, table Green)
Advertised to non peer-group peers:
222.2.1.1
Local
0.0.0.0 from 0.0.0.0 (222.2.1.2)
Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, weight 32768, valid, sourced,t
Extended Community: RT:200:1
8540-PE2#
Step 5 If the routing protocol used on the customer side does not use BGP, you can use traditional show
commands, and apply them to the correct VRF.
Command Purpose
show ip /jointfilesconvert/417913/bgp neighbors Shows detailed information on the BGP and TCP
connections to individual neighbors.
show ip /jointfilesconvert/417913/bgp vpnv4 all Shows the VPN address information from the BGP table.
show ip /jointfilesconvert/417913/bgp vpnv4 vrf
VRF-name
Shows network layer reachability information (NLRI)
associated with the named VRF.
show ip /jointfilesconvert/417913/bgp vpnv4 vrf VRF
name [ip-address]
Shows NLRI associated with the named VRF and a specific
connection.
- Cisco Reader Comment Card 1
- BUSINESS REPLY MAIL 2
- Troubleshooting Guide 3
- CONTENTS 5
- 3 Initial Troubleshooting 3-1 6
- 4 Example Network 4-1 6
- Contents 10
- OL-1969-01 10
- C ATM Cell Structures C-1 15
- D Creating a Core Dump D-1 15
- F Technical Support F-1 15
- Audience 17
- Organization 18
- Related Documentation 19
- Conventions 20
- Obtaining Documentation 21
- Cisco.com 22
- Technical Assistance Center 22
- Contacting TAC by Telephone 23
- Troubleshooting Overview 25
- Troubleshooting Tools 29
- Converted show epc Commands 30
- Using Diagnostic Commands 31
- • TDRs and OTDRs, page 2-5 32
- • Network Monitors, page 2-5 32
- • Network Analyzers, page 2-6 32
- TDRs and OTDRs 33
- Network Monitors 33
- Network Analyzers 34
- Initial Troubleshooting 35
- Accessibility Test 36
- OIR Test 36
- Snake Test 36
- Examples 37
- Using Bug Toolkit 39
- Checking IOS Release Notes 41
- Finding the Image 45
- IOS Upgrade Procedures 46
- Maintaining Functional Images 46
- Catalyst 8540 MSR) 48
- Example Network 55
- Example Networks 56
- Physical Connections 57
- Virtual Connections 58
- Chapter 4 Example Network 59
- Interface Connections 73
- Checking Cell Rates 75
- Performing OAM Loopback Tests 78
- OAM Loopback Testing 81
- Configuring Loopback Examples 82
- Line Coding Errors 89
- Interface Module LEDs 98
- OL-1969-02 103
- Port Adapter LEDs 104
- Interfaces 125
- • An AIS defect 131
- Network Connections 133
- Checking the UBR Resources 138
- • Packet discard 145
- • UPC option 145
- Checking UNI Interfaces 150
- Debugging SVC Signalling 153
- Alternate SVC Diagnostics 154
- Debugging PNNI SVC Routing 156
- Checking ATM Routes 157
- Checking PNNI Topology 158
- Checking SVC Downstream 159
- Hierarchical Network 160
- Checking SVCC-RCC Status 176
- Checking SVCC-RCC Hello State 177
- Checking Link Aggregation 183
- • Debugging Summary Addresses 184
- Debugging Summary Addresses 186
- Checking Traffic Priority 193
- Using PNNI Trace Connection 196
- Initiating a Trace Connection 197
- Environments 203
- Debugging the LANE Connection 211
- Troubleshooting Tag and MPLS 213
- Switching Connections 213
- How Tag Switching Works 214
- Troubleshooting TDP Neighbors 220
- MPLS Overview 224
- How MPLS Works 225
- MPLS Example 229
- Verifying CEF Switching 232
- Verifying MPLS 235
- Pinging Neighbors 236
- Verifying Label Distribution 236
- Verifying Label Bindings 237
- Troubleshooting MPLS VPN 238
- Verifying VRF Configurations 239
- Verifying Routing Information 240
- Verifying Labels 242
- Pinging ATM VPN Connections 254
- Debugging MPLS 256
- Network Clocking 257
- Performing Basic Checks 258
- CES Example Network 260
- Overview of Network Clocking 263
- Network Clock Module LEDs 264
- Layer 3 to Layer 3 269
- Connection Troubleshooting 269
- Uplink Interfaces 271
- • Detect port stuck failure 276
- 100BASE-FX Interface Modules 279
- Interface Modules 303
- Module LED Descriptions 304
- • SONET Tech Tips 311
- Descriptions 311
- Descriptions (continued) 312
- Defining Layer 3 Switching 320
- Understanding Packet Flow 320
- C8540CSR-1 321
- C8540CSR-2 321
- Layer 3 Forwarding 324
- Layer 2 Bridging 324
- Overview of Layer 3 Switching 325
- System Architecture 326
- Route Processor 327
- Routing Protocols 328
- Layer 2 VLAN and Switching 328
- Cisco Express Forwarding 329
- CEF Operation 330
- The Frame Scheduler 332
- Line Card Architecture 334
- CEFA Search Engine 335
- Fabric Interface 335
- Figure 11-13 Shared CAM 337
- Checking the IP Routing Table 345
- Checking the Interface Status 346
- CAM encoding: 354
- 0x009021DDDDDD 354
- • IP routing is on 355
- Layer 3 IP Multicast Overview 361
- Dense Mode 362
- Sparse Mode 362
- The Multicast Routing Table 364
- Utilization Problems 369
- Troubleshooting SDM Problems 374
- Layer 2 Switching 383
- Bridging 384
- Layer 2 Switching Broadcasts 385
- Layer 2 CAM Display 393
- Check for Spanning Tree Loop 393
- Before Configuring IRB 395
- • Load balancing 398
- • Fault tolerance 398
- Layer 3 to ATM 403
- Connections 405
- ATM Router Module Overview 406
- Hardware Restrictions 407
- ATM Router Module Software 408
- IPX Switching Overview 422
- • That the IP routing is on 436
- Appendixes 443
- Debugging a Switch Router 445
- Using the Debug Interface 446
- Using the debug ? Command 447
- Enabling Message Logging 450
- Passwords 455
- Cannot Compile Daemon 456
- Daemon Is Not Up and Running 457
- Daemon Does Not Run 457
- Recovering a Lost Password 459
- ATM Cell Structures 461
- Appendix 462
- OAM Cell Structure 463
- LANE Data Frame 465
- Creating a Core Dump 467
- Using the write core Command 469
- APPENDIX 471
- Line Coding 472
- Connection Alarm Types 473
- Architecture Problems 474
- Port Stuck Message 477
- Potential Causes 478
- Technical Support 481
- Numerics 485
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