Cisco OL-4015-08 Guía para resolver problemas Pagina 138
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4-12
Cisco Broadband Local Integrated Services Solution Troubleshooting Guide
OL-5169-01
Chapter 4 Troubleshooting with Call Flows
Understanding SS7
Here is a sample call flow over the SS7 network:
PSTN Switch SS7 Gateway Call Agent
IAM
IP Network
ACM Call Proceeding
CPG Alerting
ANM Connect
Bearer Connection Established
Connect ACK
REL
Bearer Connection Terminated
RLC
Disconnect
Release
Release Complete
- Cisco Broadband 1
- CONTENTS 3
- 6 Troubleshooting MTAs 6-1 6
- Contents 10
- Version 1 10
- About this Guide 11
- Document Organization 12
- Cisco Documentation Suite 13
- Document Conventions 14
- References 15
- Obtaining Documentation 16
- Documentation Feedback 16
- Submitting a Service Request 17
- Solution Overview 19
- Architectural Overview 20
- Architectural Features 21
- Operational Features 21
- OS for Bearer 22
- Solution Assumptions 23
- Specifications Supported 23
- Functional Architecture 24
- Physical Architecture 25
- Solution Components 26
- Cable Access Components 27
- Multimedia Terminal Adapters 28
- Cable Aggregation Components 31
- Cisco uBR7246VXR CMTS 32
- Cisco uBR10012 CMTS 32
- Core Switching Components 33
- Trunking Components 34
- VISM Modules 35
- PXM Modules 36
- MF/CAS Trunks 36
- ISUP Trunks 36
- Call Control Components 37
- Cisco BTS 10200 Capabilities 38
- Ancillary Servers 40
- Announcement Servers 41
- CALEA Server 42
- Solution Features 43
- Network Features 44
- Toll Free Services 45
- Tandem Service 46
- Regulatory Features 47
- Other Network Features 48
- Route Selection 49
- Policy-Based Routing 50
- Carrier-Based Routing 52
- Subscriber Features 53
- Calling Identity Features 54
- Other Restrictions 57
- General Subscriber Features 58
- Call Block (Reject Caller) 59
- Call Waiting (CW) 59
- Cancel Call Waiting (CCW) 59
- Speed Call 61
- Three-Way Calling (TWC) 62
- Default Office Service ID 63
- Cisco Network Registrar 69
- Cisco Information Center 70
- Cisco Broadband Configurator 71
- EMS Communications 72
- Troubleshooting Overview 75
- Troubleshooting Strategy 76
- General Problem-Solving Model 77
- Step 1: Define the Problem 79
- Step 2: Gather the Facts 79
- Step 4: Create an Action Plan 80
- Step 8: Resolve the Problem 81
- Step 9: Document the Solution 81
- Taking Preventive Action 83
- Scope of Troubleshooting 83
- Fault Analysis 84
- Diagnostic Commands 86
- Debug Commands 87
- Ping Command 88
- Trace Command 88
- Hardware Tools 89
- High-End Cable Testers 90
- Protocol Analyzers 92
- Network Management Systems 93
- Simulation and Modeling Tools 93
- Cisco Supplied Tools 94
- Trouble Isolation Procedures 95
- Checking Events and Alarms 96
- Show Alarm Command 97
- Event Message and Alarm Logs 98
- Event Queue 99
- Show Report-Properties 99
- Changing Report-Properties 99
- OL-5169-01 100
- Finding System Information 100
- Trouble Isolation 102
- Trouble Resolution 103
- Call Traces 104
- Component States 104
- Signaling Gateway Process 105
- Signaling Destinations 105
- Destination Point Code Status 106
- Aggregation Status 106
- Media Gateway 107
- Subscriber Termination 108
- • OOS—out of service 109
- • MAINT—maintenance 109
- • INS—in service 109
- • UEQP—unequipped 109
- Status Command 111
- Administrative State Token 112
- Operating State Token 112
- Control Commands 113
- Trunk Group 114
- Control Command 116
- Trunk Termination 117
- Reset Command 124
- Equip Command 125
- Unequip Command 126
- Understanding MGCP 128
- MGCP Commands 129
- MGCP Parameters 129
- Call Identifier (C) 130
- Connection Identifier (I) 130
- Request Identifier (X) 130
- Notified Entity (N) 130
- Local Connection Options (L) 130
- Connection Mode (M) 131
- Requested Events (R) 131
- Signal Requests (S) 132
- Digit Map (D) 133
- Observed Events (O) 133
- Connection Parameters (P) 134
- Return Codes and Error Codes 135
- Understanding SS7 136
- ISUP Signaling Messages 137
- Call Flow Analysis 139
- Call Flow Problems 141
- Voice Quality Problems 148
- Lost or Distorted Audio 149
- Starting at the MTA 150
- Dropped Calls 152
- Codec Mismatch 152
- Dial Plans 152
- DOCSIS 1.0+ 153
- Scanning Downstream Channel 155
- Wait UCD State 156
- Wait MAP State 156
- Ranging Broadcast State 156
- Ranging Unicast State 157
- Establish DHCP State 158
- Establish TOD State 159
- Security Association State 159
- Configuration File State 160
- Registration State 160
- Establish Privacy State 160
- Radio Frequency (RF) Issues 161
- Troubleshooting RF Problems 162
- Measuring RF Signals 163
- Measuring Upstream RF Signals 169
- • The public Internet 170
- Upstream Channel Congestion 176
- Downstream Channel Congestion 177
- Figure 5-9 180
- Conclusion 184
- Troubleshooting MTAs 185
- DHCP Server 186
- DNS Server 186
- Key Distribution Center 186
- Key Variables 187
- Troubleshooting Tools 188
- Troubleshooting Scenarios 189
- Motorola Surfboard 192
- Physical Interfaces 193
- Voice Features 193
- Arris MTAs 194
- Troubleshooting the CMTS 197
- Console Connections 198
- Features 199
- Classes of Service 200
- Standards 201
- Reference Documentation 201
- Table 7-1 State Values 202
- Offline State 203
- DHCP - init(d) state 209
- DHCP - init(i) state 210
- the cable modem not 212
- TOD exchange- init(t) state 213
- • online 215
- • online(pk) 215
- • online(pt) 215
- Displaying the Flap List 222
- Setting Cable Flap List Aging 226
- Command: 227
- Syntax Description: 227
- Setting Cable Flap List Size 229
- Clearing Cable Flap List 229
- Generating PRBS Test Signals 234
- Verifying Test Signal Output 234
- Using Debug Commands 241
- Interfaces 244
- Other Data Features 244
- Management Features 244
- Signaling 244
- Troubleshooting the Switch 245
- Hardware Issues 246
- Configuration Issues 247
- Traffic Issues 249
- Switch Hardware Failure 249
- Troubleshooting Serial Lines 252
- Fiber-Optic Connections 253
- Evaluating the Power Budget 253
- Managing Receiver Overload 254
- Using Bit Error Rate Tests 255
- Using Loopback Tests 258
- Media Gateway Management 261
- MGCP on Cisco IOS Software 262
- Cisco MGX8850 262
- MGX 8850 Diagnostics 263
- Command Line Interface 264
- Diagnostic Figures 265
- Shellcon commands 266
- Diagnostic Troubleshooting 267
- Troubleshooting Alarms 268
- AXSM Card Controls 271
- RPM-PR Card Controls 272
- Displaying Node Alarms 273
- Displaying Card Alarms 274
- Displaying Clock Alarms 275
- Displaying Environment Alarms 275
- Displaying Switching Alarms 276
- Displaying Crossbar Alarms 276
- PXM45x Alarm Issues 277
- Channel Alarm Commands 278
- Xbar Core Alarm 278
- Xbar Port Alarm: 278
- Xbar Slot Bandwidth Alarm 278
- Crossbar Core Alarms 278
- Crossbar Port Alarms 279
- Crossbar Bandwidth Alarms 279
- Troubleshooting the Gateways 280
- MACSAP template/profile 281
- D-Channel Is Down 282
- Data Path Troubleshooting 283
- Fax/Modem Fails 286
- COT/Testline Fails 286
- Tone Detection/Play Fails 286
- Call Control 288
- Turning on Trace Debugging 289
- Media Gateway Errors 290
- System Redundancy 290
- Troubleshooting VISM Cards 291
- VISM Card LEDs 292
- E1 Front Card 293
- VISM Display Card CLI Command 294
- PXM Display Log CLI Command 295
- VISM Alarms 296
- UNIX Snoop Trace Tool 296
- Symptoms and Solutions 297
- DSP Download Failure 299
- Physical Indicators 301
- Port LED indications 302
- VISM Logs 305
- Architecture 307
- Call Agent 308
- Terminations 308
- Components 311
- Rack Configuration 312
- Filler panel 313
- Feature Server Architecture 314
- EMS Architecture 314
- Troubleshooting 316
- Verify Alarm Status 317
- Verify Media Gateways 317
- Verify Trunk Terminations 318
- SS7-controlled Trunk Groups 319
- ISDN-controlled Trunk Groups 320
- CAS-controlled Trunk Groups 321
- Cisco BTS 10200 Failure 323
- Operating System Failure 323
- Element Management and MIBs 325
- Cisco uBR7246vxr MIBs 326
- • Amplifier degradation 329
- • Poor connections, or 329
- CISCO-DOCS-EXT-MIB.my 330
- Scheduler QoS Control Group 331
- Scheduler QoS Queue Group 331
- CMTS Upstream Group 332
- • cm(1): MTA (cable modem) 340
- DOCS-CABLE-DEVICE-MIB.my 348
- DOCS-IF-MIB.my 359
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