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Cisco Broadband Local Integrated Services Solution Troubleshooting Guide
OL-5169-01
Chapter 8 Troubleshooting the Cisco Catalyst 6509
Troubleshooting Serial Lines
Fiber-Optic Connections
An optical signal I/O problem can be caused by
• Incorrect type of fiber
• Defective fiber
• Transmit (TX) and Receive (RX) fibers reversed
• Insufficient power budget on the optical link
• Receiver overload on the optical link
Be sure to use single-mode fiber for a single-mode interface and multimode fiber for a multimode
interface. Table 8-1 describes fiber types appropriate for each Cisco 10000 ESR line card.
Evaluating the Power Budget
Proper operation of an optical data link depends on modulated light reaching the receiver with enough
power to be demodulated. The power budget (PB) is the difference between transmitter power (PT) and
receiver sensitivity (PR). For instance, if transmitter power is –20 dB and receiver sensitivity is –30 dB,
the power budget is 10 dB:
PB = PT – PR
PB = –20 dB – (–30 dB)
PB = 10 dB
The SONET specification requires the signal to meet the worst-case requirements listed in Table 8-2.
Table 8-1 Optical Fiber Types for Cisco 10000 ESR Line Cards
Card Type Fiber Type
OC-12 Packet over SONET line
card
Single mode
Gigabit Ethernet line card Depends on installed GBIC:
1. 1000BaseSX, multimode
2. 1000BaseLX/LH, single mode and multimode
1
3. 1000BaseZX, single mode
1. A mode-conditioning patch cord (CAB-GELX-625 or equivalent) is required. If you use an ordinary patch cord
with MMF, 1000BaseLX/LH GBICs, and a short link distance (tens of meters), you can cause transceiver
saturation, resulting in an elevated bit error rate (BER). In addition, if you use the LX/LH GBIC with
62.5-micron diameter MMF, you must install a mode-conditioning patch cord between the GBIC and the MMF
cable on both transmit and receive ends of the link. The mode-conditioning patch cord is required for link
distances greater than 1000 ft (300 m).
Table 8-2 SONET Signal Requirements
MM SMI SML
Transmitter power –20 dBm –15 dBm –5 dBm
Receiver sensitivity –30 dBm –31 dBm –34 dBm
Power budget 10 dB 16 dB 29 dBm
- Cisco Broadband 1
- CONTENTS 3
- 6 Troubleshooting MTAs 6-1 6
- Contents 10
- Version 1 10
- About this Guide 11
- Document Organization 12
- Cisco Documentation Suite 13
- Document Conventions 14
- References 15
- Obtaining Documentation 16
- Documentation Feedback 16
- Submitting a Service Request 17
- Solution Overview 19
- Architectural Overview 20
- Architectural Features 21
- Operational Features 21
- OS for Bearer 22
- Solution Assumptions 23
- Specifications Supported 23
- Functional Architecture 24
- Physical Architecture 25
- Solution Components 26
- Cable Access Components 27
- Multimedia Terminal Adapters 28
- Cable Aggregation Components 31
- Cisco uBR7246VXR CMTS 32
- Cisco uBR10012 CMTS 32
- Core Switching Components 33
- Trunking Components 34
- VISM Modules 35
- PXM Modules 36
- MF/CAS Trunks 36
- ISUP Trunks 36
- Call Control Components 37
- Cisco BTS 10200 Capabilities 38
- Ancillary Servers 40
- Announcement Servers 41
- CALEA Server 42
- Solution Features 43
- Network Features 44
- Toll Free Services 45
- Tandem Service 46
- Regulatory Features 47
- Other Network Features 48
- Route Selection 49
- Policy-Based Routing 50
- Carrier-Based Routing 52
- Subscriber Features 53
- Calling Identity Features 54
- Other Restrictions 57
- General Subscriber Features 58
- Call Block (Reject Caller) 59
- Call Waiting (CW) 59
- Cancel Call Waiting (CCW) 59
- Speed Call 61
- Three-Way Calling (TWC) 62
- Default Office Service ID 63
- Cisco Network Registrar 69
- Cisco Information Center 70
- Cisco Broadband Configurator 71
- EMS Communications 72
- Troubleshooting Overview 75
- Troubleshooting Strategy 76
- General Problem-Solving Model 77
- Step 1: Define the Problem 79
- Step 2: Gather the Facts 79
- Step 4: Create an Action Plan 80
- Step 8: Resolve the Problem 81
- Step 9: Document the Solution 81
- Taking Preventive Action 83
- Scope of Troubleshooting 83
- Fault Analysis 84
- Diagnostic Commands 86
- Debug Commands 87
- Ping Command 88
- Trace Command 88
- Hardware Tools 89
- High-End Cable Testers 90
- Protocol Analyzers 92
- Network Management Systems 93
- Simulation and Modeling Tools 93
- Cisco Supplied Tools 94
- Trouble Isolation Procedures 95
- Checking Events and Alarms 96
- Show Alarm Command 97
- Event Message and Alarm Logs 98
- Event Queue 99
- Show Report-Properties 99
- Changing Report-Properties 99
- OL-5169-01 100
- Finding System Information 100
- Trouble Isolation 102
- Trouble Resolution 103
- Call Traces 104
- Component States 104
- Signaling Gateway Process 105
- Signaling Destinations 105
- Destination Point Code Status 106
- Aggregation Status 106
- Media Gateway 107
- Subscriber Termination 108
- • OOS—out of service 109
- • MAINT—maintenance 109
- • INS—in service 109
- • UEQP—unequipped 109
- Status Command 111
- Administrative State Token 112
- Operating State Token 112
- Control Commands 113
- Trunk Group 114
- Control Command 116
- Trunk Termination 117
- Reset Command 124
- Equip Command 125
- Unequip Command 126
- Understanding MGCP 128
- MGCP Commands 129
- MGCP Parameters 129
- Call Identifier (C) 130
- Connection Identifier (I) 130
- Request Identifier (X) 130
- Notified Entity (N) 130
- Local Connection Options (L) 130
- Connection Mode (M) 131
- Requested Events (R) 131
- Signal Requests (S) 132
- Digit Map (D) 133
- Observed Events (O) 133
- Connection Parameters (P) 134
- Return Codes and Error Codes 135
- Understanding SS7 136
- ISUP Signaling Messages 137
- Call Flow Analysis 139
- Call Flow Problems 141
- Voice Quality Problems 148
- Lost or Distorted Audio 149
- Starting at the MTA 150
- Dropped Calls 152
- Codec Mismatch 152
- Dial Plans 152
- DOCSIS 1.0+ 153
- Scanning Downstream Channel 155
- Wait UCD State 156
- Wait MAP State 156
- Ranging Broadcast State 156
- Ranging Unicast State 157
- Establish DHCP State 158
- Establish TOD State 159
- Security Association State 159
- Configuration File State 160
- Registration State 160
- Establish Privacy State 160
- Radio Frequency (RF) Issues 161
- Troubleshooting RF Problems 162
- Measuring RF Signals 163
- Measuring Upstream RF Signals 169
- • The public Internet 170
- Upstream Channel Congestion 176
- Downstream Channel Congestion 177
- Figure 5-9 180
- Conclusion 184
- Troubleshooting MTAs 185
- DHCP Server 186
- DNS Server 186
- Key Distribution Center 186
- Key Variables 187
- Troubleshooting Tools 188
- Troubleshooting Scenarios 189
- Motorola Surfboard 192
- Physical Interfaces 193
- Voice Features 193
- Arris MTAs 194
- Troubleshooting the CMTS 197
- Console Connections 198
- Features 199
- Classes of Service 200
- Standards 201
- Reference Documentation 201
- Table 7-1 State Values 202
- Offline State 203
- DHCP - init(d) state 209
- DHCP - init(i) state 210
- the cable modem not 212
- TOD exchange- init(t) state 213
- • online 215
- • online(pk) 215
- • online(pt) 215
- Displaying the Flap List 222
- Setting Cable Flap List Aging 226
- Command: 227
- Syntax Description: 227
- Setting Cable Flap List Size 229
- Clearing Cable Flap List 229
- Generating PRBS Test Signals 234
- Verifying Test Signal Output 234
- Using Debug Commands 241
- Interfaces 244
- Other Data Features 244
- Management Features 244
- Signaling 244
- Troubleshooting the Switch 245
- Hardware Issues 246
- Configuration Issues 247
- Traffic Issues 249
- Switch Hardware Failure 249
- Troubleshooting Serial Lines 252
- Fiber-Optic Connections 253
- Evaluating the Power Budget 253
- Managing Receiver Overload 254
- Using Bit Error Rate Tests 255
- Using Loopback Tests 258
- Media Gateway Management 261
- MGCP on Cisco IOS Software 262
- Cisco MGX8850 262
- MGX 8850 Diagnostics 263
- Command Line Interface 264
- Diagnostic Figures 265
- Shellcon commands 266
- Diagnostic Troubleshooting 267
- Troubleshooting Alarms 268
- AXSM Card Controls 271
- RPM-PR Card Controls 272
- Displaying Node Alarms 273
- Displaying Card Alarms 274
- Displaying Clock Alarms 275
- Displaying Environment Alarms 275
- Displaying Switching Alarms 276
- Displaying Crossbar Alarms 276
- PXM45x Alarm Issues 277
- Channel Alarm Commands 278
- Xbar Core Alarm 278
- Xbar Port Alarm: 278
- Xbar Slot Bandwidth Alarm 278
- Crossbar Core Alarms 278
- Crossbar Port Alarms 279
- Crossbar Bandwidth Alarms 279
- Troubleshooting the Gateways 280
- MACSAP template/profile 281
- D-Channel Is Down 282
- Data Path Troubleshooting 283
- Fax/Modem Fails 286
- COT/Testline Fails 286
- Tone Detection/Play Fails 286
- Call Control 288
- Turning on Trace Debugging 289
- Media Gateway Errors 290
- System Redundancy 290
- Troubleshooting VISM Cards 291
- VISM Card LEDs 292
- E1 Front Card 293
- VISM Display Card CLI Command 294
- PXM Display Log CLI Command 295
- VISM Alarms 296
- UNIX Snoop Trace Tool 296
- Symptoms and Solutions 297
- DSP Download Failure 299
- Physical Indicators 301
- Port LED indications 302
- VISM Logs 305
- Architecture 307
- Call Agent 308
- Terminations 308
- Components 311
- Rack Configuration 312
- Filler panel 313
- Feature Server Architecture 314
- EMS Architecture 314
- Troubleshooting 316
- Verify Alarm Status 317
- Verify Media Gateways 317
- Verify Trunk Terminations 318
- SS7-controlled Trunk Groups 319
- ISDN-controlled Trunk Groups 320
- CAS-controlled Trunk Groups 321
- Cisco BTS 10200 Failure 323
- Operating System Failure 323
- Element Management and MIBs 325
- Cisco uBR7246vxr MIBs 326
- • Amplifier degradation 329
- • Poor connections, or 329
- CISCO-DOCS-EXT-MIB.my 330
- Scheduler QoS Control Group 331
- Scheduler QoS Queue Group 331
- CMTS Upstream Group 332
- • cm(1): MTA (cable modem) 340
- DOCS-CABLE-DEVICE-MIB.my 348
- DOCS-IF-MIB.my 359
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