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8-3
Cisco Broadband Local Integrated Services Solution Troubleshooting Guide
OL-5169-01
Chapter 8 Troubleshooting the Cisco Catalyst 6509
Redundancy
• Redundant Switch Fabrics (Catalyst 6500 Series only)
• Redundant power supply and cooling
• Redundant System Clocks
• Redundant Supervisors
• Redundant Uplinks
Troubleshooting the Switch
There are many ways to troubleshoot a switch. As the features of switches grow, the possible things that
can break also increase. If you develop an approach or test plan for troubleshooting, you will be better
off in the long run than if you just try a hit-and-miss approach. Here are some general suggestions for
making your troubleshooting more effective:
• Take the time to become familiar with normal switch operation. Cisco's web site has a tremendous
amount of technical information describing how their switches work, as mentioned in the previous
section. The configuration guides in particular are very helpful. Many cases are opened with Cisco's
TAC (Technical Assistance Center) that are solved with information from the product configuration
guides.
• For the more complex situations, have an accurate physical and logical map of your network. A
physical map shows how the devices and cables are connected. A logical map shows what segments
(VLANs) exist in your network, and which routers provide routing services to these segments. A
spanning tree map is highly useful for troubleshooting complex issues. Because of a switch's ability
to create different segments by implementing VLANs, the physical connections alone do not tell the
whole story; one has to know how the switches are configured to determine which segments
(VLANs) exist, and to know how they are logically connected.
• Have a plan. Some problems and solutions are obvious, some are not. The symptoms that you see in
your network may be the result of problems in another area or layer. Before jumping to conclusions,
try to verify in a structured way what is working and what is not. Since networks can be complex, it
is helpful to isolate possible problem domains. One way of doing this is by using the OSI seven-layer
model. For example: check the physical connections involved (layer 1), check connectivity issues
within the VLAN (layer 2), check connectivity issues across different VLANs (layer 3), etc.
Assuming a correct configuration on the switch, many of the problems you encounter will be related
to physical layer issues (physical ports and cabling). Today, switches are involved in layer 3 and 4
issues, incorporating intelligence to switch packets based on information derived from routers, or
by actually having routers living inside the switch (layer three or layer four switching).
• Do not assume a component is working without checking it first. This can save you a lot of wasted
time. For example, if a PC is not able to log in to a server across your network, there are many things
that could be wrong. Don't skip the basic things and assume something works - someone might have
changed something without telling you. It only takes a minute to check some of the basic things (for
example, that the ports involved are connected to the right place and active), which could save you
many wasted hours.
Troubleshooting Port Connectivity
If the port doesn't work, nothing works! Ports are the foundation of your switching network. Some ports have
special significance because of their location in the network, and the amount of traffic they carry. These
ports would include connections to other switches, routers, and servers. These ports can be more
- Cisco Broadband 1
- CONTENTS 3
- 6 Troubleshooting MTAs 6-1 6
- Contents 10
- Version 1 10
- About this Guide 11
- Document Organization 12
- Cisco Documentation Suite 13
- Document Conventions 14
- References 15
- Obtaining Documentation 16
- Documentation Feedback 16
- Submitting a Service Request 17
- Solution Overview 19
- Architectural Overview 20
- Architectural Features 21
- Operational Features 21
- OS for Bearer 22
- Solution Assumptions 23
- Specifications Supported 23
- Functional Architecture 24
- Physical Architecture 25
- Solution Components 26
- Cable Access Components 27
- Multimedia Terminal Adapters 28
- Cable Aggregation Components 31
- Cisco uBR7246VXR CMTS 32
- Cisco uBR10012 CMTS 32
- Core Switching Components 33
- Trunking Components 34
- VISM Modules 35
- PXM Modules 36
- MF/CAS Trunks 36
- ISUP Trunks 36
- Call Control Components 37
- Cisco BTS 10200 Capabilities 38
- Ancillary Servers 40
- Announcement Servers 41
- CALEA Server 42
- Solution Features 43
- Network Features 44
- Toll Free Services 45
- Tandem Service 46
- Regulatory Features 47
- Other Network Features 48
- Route Selection 49
- Policy-Based Routing 50
- Carrier-Based Routing 52
- Subscriber Features 53
- Calling Identity Features 54
- Other Restrictions 57
- General Subscriber Features 58
- Call Block (Reject Caller) 59
- Call Waiting (CW) 59
- Cancel Call Waiting (CCW) 59
- Speed Call 61
- Three-Way Calling (TWC) 62
- Default Office Service ID 63
- Cisco Network Registrar 69
- Cisco Information Center 70
- Cisco Broadband Configurator 71
- EMS Communications 72
- Troubleshooting Overview 75
- Troubleshooting Strategy 76
- General Problem-Solving Model 77
- Step 1: Define the Problem 79
- Step 2: Gather the Facts 79
- Step 4: Create an Action Plan 80
- Step 8: Resolve the Problem 81
- Step 9: Document the Solution 81
- Taking Preventive Action 83
- Scope of Troubleshooting 83
- Fault Analysis 84
- Diagnostic Commands 86
- Debug Commands 87
- Ping Command 88
- Trace Command 88
- Hardware Tools 89
- High-End Cable Testers 90
- Protocol Analyzers 92
- Network Management Systems 93
- Simulation and Modeling Tools 93
- Cisco Supplied Tools 94
- Trouble Isolation Procedures 95
- Checking Events and Alarms 96
- Show Alarm Command 97
- Event Message and Alarm Logs 98
- Event Queue 99
- Show Report-Properties 99
- Changing Report-Properties 99
- OL-5169-01 100
- Finding System Information 100
- Trouble Isolation 102
- Trouble Resolution 103
- Call Traces 104
- Component States 104
- Signaling Gateway Process 105
- Signaling Destinations 105
- Destination Point Code Status 106
- Aggregation Status 106
- Media Gateway 107
- Subscriber Termination 108
- • OOS—out of service 109
- • MAINT—maintenance 109
- • INS—in service 109
- • UEQP—unequipped 109
- Status Command 111
- Administrative State Token 112
- Operating State Token 112
- Control Commands 113
- Trunk Group 114
- Control Command 116
- Trunk Termination 117
- Reset Command 124
- Equip Command 125
- Unequip Command 126
- Understanding MGCP 128
- MGCP Commands 129
- MGCP Parameters 129
- Call Identifier (C) 130
- Connection Identifier (I) 130
- Request Identifier (X) 130
- Notified Entity (N) 130
- Local Connection Options (L) 130
- Connection Mode (M) 131
- Requested Events (R) 131
- Signal Requests (S) 132
- Digit Map (D) 133
- Observed Events (O) 133
- Connection Parameters (P) 134
- Return Codes and Error Codes 135
- Understanding SS7 136
- ISUP Signaling Messages 137
- Call Flow Analysis 139
- Call Flow Problems 141
- Voice Quality Problems 148
- Lost or Distorted Audio 149
- Starting at the MTA 150
- Dropped Calls 152
- Codec Mismatch 152
- Dial Plans 152
- DOCSIS 1.0+ 153
- Scanning Downstream Channel 155
- Wait UCD State 156
- Wait MAP State 156
- Ranging Broadcast State 156
- Ranging Unicast State 157
- Establish DHCP State 158
- Establish TOD State 159
- Security Association State 159
- Configuration File State 160
- Registration State 160
- Establish Privacy State 160
- Radio Frequency (RF) Issues 161
- Troubleshooting RF Problems 162
- Measuring RF Signals 163
- Measuring Upstream RF Signals 169
- • The public Internet 170
- Upstream Channel Congestion 176
- Downstream Channel Congestion 177
- Figure 5-9 180
- Conclusion 184
- Troubleshooting MTAs 185
- DHCP Server 186
- DNS Server 186
- Key Distribution Center 186
- Key Variables 187
- Troubleshooting Tools 188
- Troubleshooting Scenarios 189
- Motorola Surfboard 192
- Physical Interfaces 193
- Voice Features 193
- Arris MTAs 194
- Troubleshooting the CMTS 197
- Console Connections 198
- Features 199
- Classes of Service 200
- Standards 201
- Reference Documentation 201
- Table 7-1 State Values 202
- Offline State 203
- DHCP - init(d) state 209
- DHCP - init(i) state 210
- the cable modem not 212
- TOD exchange- init(t) state 213
- • online 215
- • online(pk) 215
- • online(pt) 215
- Displaying the Flap List 222
- Setting Cable Flap List Aging 226
- Command: 227
- Syntax Description: 227
- Setting Cable Flap List Size 229
- Clearing Cable Flap List 229
- Generating PRBS Test Signals 234
- Verifying Test Signal Output 234
- Using Debug Commands 241
- Interfaces 244
- Other Data Features 244
- Management Features 244
- Signaling 244
- Troubleshooting the Switch 245
- Hardware Issues 246
- Configuration Issues 247
- Traffic Issues 249
- Switch Hardware Failure 249
- Troubleshooting Serial Lines 252
- Fiber-Optic Connections 253
- Evaluating the Power Budget 253
- Managing Receiver Overload 254
- Using Bit Error Rate Tests 255
- Using Loopback Tests 258
- Media Gateway Management 261
- MGCP on Cisco IOS Software 262
- Cisco MGX8850 262
- MGX 8850 Diagnostics 263
- Command Line Interface 264
- Diagnostic Figures 265
- Shellcon commands 266
- Diagnostic Troubleshooting 267
- Troubleshooting Alarms 268
- AXSM Card Controls 271
- RPM-PR Card Controls 272
- Displaying Node Alarms 273
- Displaying Card Alarms 274
- Displaying Clock Alarms 275
- Displaying Environment Alarms 275
- Displaying Switching Alarms 276
- Displaying Crossbar Alarms 276
- PXM45x Alarm Issues 277
- Channel Alarm Commands 278
- Xbar Core Alarm 278
- Xbar Port Alarm: 278
- Xbar Slot Bandwidth Alarm 278
- Crossbar Core Alarms 278
- Crossbar Port Alarms 279
- Crossbar Bandwidth Alarms 279
- Troubleshooting the Gateways 280
- MACSAP template/profile 281
- D-Channel Is Down 282
- Data Path Troubleshooting 283
- Fax/Modem Fails 286
- COT/Testline Fails 286
- Tone Detection/Play Fails 286
- Call Control 288
- Turning on Trace Debugging 289
- Media Gateway Errors 290
- System Redundancy 290
- Troubleshooting VISM Cards 291
- VISM Card LEDs 292
- E1 Front Card 293
- VISM Display Card CLI Command 294
- PXM Display Log CLI Command 295
- VISM Alarms 296
- UNIX Snoop Trace Tool 296
- Symptoms and Solutions 297
- DSP Download Failure 299
- Physical Indicators 301
- Port LED indications 302
- VISM Logs 305
- Architecture 307
- Call Agent 308
- Terminations 308
- Components 311
- Rack Configuration 312
- Filler panel 313
- Feature Server Architecture 314
- EMS Architecture 314
- Troubleshooting 316
- Verify Alarm Status 317
- Verify Media Gateways 317
- Verify Trunk Terminations 318
- SS7-controlled Trunk Groups 319
- ISDN-controlled Trunk Groups 320
- CAS-controlled Trunk Groups 321
- Cisco BTS 10200 Failure 323
- Operating System Failure 323
- Element Management and MIBs 325
- Cisco uBR7246vxr MIBs 326
- • Amplifier degradation 329
- • Poor connections, or 329
- CISCO-DOCS-EXT-MIB.my 330
- Scheduler QoS Control Group 331
- Scheduler QoS Queue Group 331
- CMTS Upstream Group 332
- • cm(1): MTA (cable modem) 340
- DOCS-CABLE-DEVICE-MIB.my 348
- DOCS-IF-MIB.my 359
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