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CHAPTER
29-1
Catalyst 2970 Switch Software Configuration Guide
78-15462-03
29
Troubleshooting
This chapter describes how to identify and resolve software problems related to the Cisco IOS software
on the Catalyst 2970 switch. Depending on the nature of the problem, you can use the command-line
interface (CLI) or the Cluster Management Suite (CMS) to identify and solve problems.
Additional troubleshooting information, such as LED descriptions, is provided in the hardware
installation guide.
Note For complete syntax and usage information for the commands used in this chapter, refer to the command
reference for this release and the Cisco IOS Command Summary for Release 12.1.
This chapter consists of these sections:
• Recovering from Corrupted Software By Using the XMODEM Protocol, page 29-2
• Recovering from a Lost or Forgotten Password, page 29-4
• Recovering from a Command Switch Failure, page 29-8
• Recovering from Lost Cluster Member Connectivity, page 29-11
Note Recovery procedures require that you have physical access to the switch.
• Preventing Autonegotiation Mismatches, page 29-12
• SFP Module Security and Identification, page 29-12
• Using Ping, page 29-13
• Using Layer 2 Traceroute, page 29-14
• Using IP Traceroute, page 29-16
• Using Debug Commands, page 29-17
• Using the show platform forward Command, page 29-19
• Using the crashinfo File, page 29-21
- Catalyst 2970 Switch 1
- Software Configuration Guide 1
- CONTENTS 3
- 5 Clustering Switches 5-1 5
- 11 Configuring VLANs 11-1 10
- Contents 11
- 12 Configuring VTP 12-1 12
- 14 Configuring STP 14-1 13
- 15 Configuring MSTP 15-1 13
- 20 Configuring CDP 20-1 17
- 21 Configuring UDLD 21-1 17
- 23 Configuring RMON 23-1 18
- 25 Configuring SNMP 25-1 19
- 27 Configuring QoS 27-1 20
- 29 Troubleshooting 29-1 22
- A Supported MIBs A-1 23
- Audience 27
- Conventions 28
- Related Publications 29
- Obtaining Documentation 29
- Ordering Documentation 30
- Documentation Feedback 30
- Cisco TAC Website 30
- Opening a TAC Case 31
- TAC Case Priority Definitions 31
- Overview 33
- Chapter 1 Overview 34
- Features 34
- Performance Features 35
- Management Options 35
- Manageability Features 36
- Availability Features 36
- VLAN Features 37
- Security Features 37
- QoS and CoS Features 38
- Monitoring Features 39
- Port parameters 40
- DHCP snooping 41
- IGMP snooping 41
- Port-based Traffic 41
- Catalyst 2970 44
- Catalyst 3750 44
- Figure 1-2 Server Aggregation 45
- Where to Go Next 47
- Understanding Command Modes 49
- • Change terminal 50
- • Perform basic tests 50
- • Display system 50
- Understanding the Help System 51
- Using Command History 53
- Using Editing Features 54
- Accessing the CLI 58
- Getting Started with CMS 61
- Front Panel View 62
- Topology View 62
- Table 3-1 Toolbar Buttons 63
- Online Help 64
- Configuration Modes 65
- Privilege Levels 66
- Configuring CMS 67
- Browser Plug-In Requirements 68
- Cross-Platform Considerations 69
- HTTP Access to CMS 69
- Displaying CMS 70
- Figure 3-5 CMS Startup Report 72
- Assigning Switch Information 78
- Default Switch Information 79
- DHCP Client Request Process 80
- Configuring the DHCP Server 81
- Configuring the TFTP Server 82
- Configuring the DNS 82
- Configuring the Relay Device 82
- Obtaining Configuration Files 83
- Example Configuration 84
- EXEC command: 87
- Default Boot Configuration 88
- Booting Manually 89
- • reload in [hh:]mm [text] 93
- Clustering Switches 95
- Understanding Switch Clusters 96
- Discovery Through CDP Hops 99
- 78-15462-03 100
- Planning a Switch Cluster 100
- Virtual IP Addresses 105
- IP Addresses 107
- Host Names 107
- SNMP Community Strings 108
- TACACS+ and RADIUS 108
- Passwords 108
- Creating a Switch Cluster 109
- Enter up to 31 characters 110
- C3750-24TS 110
- 3750G-24T 111
- • CC—Cluster command switch 113
- Verifying a Switch Cluster 114
- Command switch 116
- Trap 1, Trap 2, Trap 3 116
- Member 1 Member 2 Member 3 116
- SNMP Manager 116
- Administering the Switch 117
- • Network Time Protocol 118
- • Manual configuration 118
- • User show commands 118
- Configuring NTP 120
- Configuring NTP Associations 122
- Setting the System Clock 128
- Configuring the Time Zone 129
- Configuring a System Name 132
- Configuring a System Prompt 133
- Understanding DNS 133
- Default DNS Configuration 134
- Setting Up DNS 134
- Creating a Banner 135
- Configuring a Login Banner 137
- Building the Address Table 138
- MAC Addresses and VLANs 139
- Managing the ARP Table 145
- Disabling Password Recovery 151
- Understanding TACACS+ 156
- TACACS+ Operation 158
- Configuring TACACS+ 159
- Starting TACACS+ Accounting 163
- Understanding RADIUS 164
- RADIUS Operation 165
- Configuring RADIUS 166
- Defining AAA Server Groups 171
- Starting RADIUS Accounting 174
- Understanding Kerberos 178
- Kerberos Operation 180
- Obtaining a TGT from a KDC 181
- Authorization 182
- Understanding SSH 184
- Configuring SSH 185
- Configuring the SSH Server 186
- Device Roles 190
- Figure 8-2 Message Exchange 192
- Supported Topologies 193
- Using 802.1X with Guest VLAN 196
- Default 802.1X Configuration 198
- Changing the Quiet Period 203
- Configuring the Host Mode 205
- Configuring a Guest VLAN 206
- Understanding Interface Types 209
- Port-Based VLANs 210
- Switch Ports 210
- Trunk Ports 211
- EtherChannel Port Groups 212
- Connecting Interfaces 212
- Configuration Guidelines 218
- Configuring the System MTU 222
- Monitoring Interface Status 224
- Configuring SmartPort Macros 227
- Configuring Smart-Port Macros 228
- Displaying SmartPort Macros 230
- Configuring VLANs 231
- Understanding VLANs 232
- Supported VLANs 233
- VLAN Port Membership Modes 233
- Token Ring VLANs 235
- Saving VLAN Configuration 237
- Deleting a VLAN 240
- Default VLAN Configuration 242
- Displaying VLANs 244
- Configuring VLAN Trunks 245
- Encapsulation Types 246
- Configuring a Trunk Port 249
- Configuring VMPS 256
- VMPS Configuration Guidelines 257
- Configuring the VMPS Client 258
- Reconfirming VLAN Memberships 259
- Monitoring the VMPS 260
- VMPS Configuration Example 261
- Configuring VTP 263
- The VTP Domain 264
- VTP Modes 265
- VTP Advertisements 265
- VTP Version 2 266
- VTP Pruning 266
- Understanding VTP 267
- VTP Configuration Guidelines 269
- VTP Version 270
- Configuration Requirements 270
- Configuring a VTP Server 271
- Configuring a VTP Client 272
- Enabling VTP Version 2 274
- Enabling VTP Pruning 275
- Monitoring VTP 277
- Configuring Voice VLAN 279
- Cisco IP Phone Voice Traffic 280
- Cisco IP Phone Data Traffic 280
- Displaying Voice VLAN 284
- Configuring STP 285
- STP Overview 286
- Blocking State 289
- Listening State 290
- Learning State 290
- Forwarding State 290
- Disabled State 291
- STP and IEEE 802.1Q Trunks 294
- Disabling Spanning Tree 298
- Configuring the Root Switch 298
- Configuring Port Priority 301
- Configuring Path Cost 302
- Configuring the Hello Time 304
- Configuring MSTP 307
- Understanding MSTP 308
- IST, CIST, and CST 309
- Hop Count 311
- Boundary Ports 311
- Understanding RSTP 312
- Rapid Convergence 313
- Synchronization of Port Roles 314
- Table 15-2 RSTP BPDU Flags 315
- Topology Changes 316
- Configuring MSTP Features 317
- Default MSTP Configuration 318
- MSTP Configuration Guidelines 318
- Understanding Port Fast 332
- Understanding BPDU Guard 333
- Understanding BPDU Filtering 333
- Understanding UplinkFast 334
- Understanding BackboneFast 335
- Understanding Root Guard 337
- Understanding Loop Guard 338
- Enabling Port Fast 340
- Enabling BPDU Guard 341
- Enabling BPDU Filtering 342
- Enabling BackboneFast 343
- Enabling Root Guard 344
- Enabling Loop Guard 345
- Configuring DHCP Features 347
- Option-82 Data Insertion 348
- Displaying DHCP Information 351
- Understanding IGMP Snooping 354
- IGMP Versions 355
- Joining a Multicast Group 355
- Leaving a Multicast Group 357
- Configuring IGMP Snooping 358
- Setting the Snooping Method 360
- Configuring MVR 367
- Default MVR Configuration 368
- Configuring MVR Interfaces 370
- Displaying MVR Information 371
- Configuring IGMP Profiles 373
- Applying IGMP Profiles 374
- Configuring Storm Control 379
- Understanding Storm Control 380
- Enabling Storm Control 381
- Configuring Protected Ports 383
- Configuring Port Blocking 384
- Configuring Port Security 385
- Security Violations 386
- Configuring CDP 395
- Disabling and Enabling CDP 397
- Configuring UDLD 401
- Understanding UDLD 402
- Enabling UDLD Globally 405
- Enabling UDLD on an Interface 405
- Displaying UDLD Status 406
- Configuring SPAN and RSPAN 407
- Local SPAN 408
- Remote SPAN 408
- SPAN Sessions 409
- Monitored Traffic 410
- Source Ports 411
- Source VLANs 412
- VLAN Filtering 412
- Destination Port 413
- RSPAN VLAN 414
- Configuring Local SPAN 416
- Creating a Local SPAN Session 417
- Specifying VLANs to Filter 421
- Configuring RSPAN 422
- RSPAN sessions 429
- Configuring RMON 431
- Default RMON Configuration 433
- Displaying RMON Status 436
- System Log Message Format 438
- Disabling Message Logging 440
- Synchronizing Log Messages 441
- Configuring SNMP 449
- SNMP Versions 450
- SNMP Manager Functions 451
- SNMP Agent Functions 452
- SNMP Notifications 453
- Default SNMP Configuration 455
- SNMP Configuration Guidelines 455
- Disabling the SNMP Agent 456
- Configuring Community Strings 456
- SNMP Examples 463
- Displaying SNMP Status 464
- Understanding ACLs 465
- Supported ACLs 466
- VLAN Maps 467
- (VLAN 10) 468
- Catalyst 2970 switch 468
- Configuring IP ACLs 469
- Access List Numbers 470
- Using Time Ranges with ACLs 477
- Including Comments in ACLs 479
- IP ACL Configuration Examples 481
- Numbered ACLs 482
- Extended ACLs 482
- Named ACLs 482
- Commented IP ACL Entries 483
- Configuring VLAN Maps 486
- Creating a VLAN Map 487
- Example 1 488
- Example 2 488
- Example 3 489
- Example 4 489
- Applying a VLAN Map to a VLAN 490
- Displaying ACL Configuration 493
- Configuring QoS 495
- Understanding QoS 496
- Basic QoS Model 497
- Classification 498
- Policing and Marking 502
- Mapping Tables 504
- Weighted Tail Drop 505
- SRR Shaping and Sharing 506
- WTD Thresholds 508
- Priority Queueing 508
- Buffer and Memory Allocation 510
- Packet Modification 511
- Configuring Auto-QoS 512
- Enabling Auto-QoS for VoIP 517
- Configuring Standard QoS 520
- Enabling QoS Globally 524
- Configuring a QoS Policy 530
- Configuring DSCP Maps 541
- Configuring EtherChannels 561
- EtherChannel Overview 562
- Port-Channel Interfaces 563
- Port Aggregation Protocol 563
- PAgP Modes 564
- Understanding EtherChannels 565
- LACP Modes 566
- Troubleshooting 579
- Protocol 580
- Using Ping 591
- Using Layer 2 Traceroute 592
- Displaying the Physical Path 593
- Using IP Traceroute 594
- Using Debug Commands 595
- Using the crashinfo File 599
- Supported MIBs 601
- MIB List 602
- APPENDIX 605
- Copying Files 608
- Deleting Files 609
- Creating a tar File 610
- Extracting a tar File 611
- Working with Software Images 624
- Unsupported Commands in 639
- Cisco IOS Release 12.1(19)EA1 639
- IGMP Snooping Commands 640
- Interface Commands 640
- Spanning Tree 641
- Miscellaneous 642
- Numerics 643
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