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Contents
vii
Cisco Security Appliance Command Line Configuration Guide
OL-6721-01
Failover Configuration Examples 11-44
Cable-Based Active/Standby Failover Example 11-45
LAN-Based Active/Standby Failover Example 11-46
LAN-Based Active/Active Failover Example 11-48
PART
2 Configuring the Firewall
CHAPTER
12 Firewall Mode Overview 12-1
Routed Mode Overview 12-1
IP Routing Support 12-2
Network Address Translation 12-2
How Data Moves Through the Security Appliance in Routed Firewall Mode 12-3
An Inside User Visits a Web Server 12-4
An Outside User Visits a Web Server on the DMZ 12-5
An Inside User Visits a Web Server on the DMZ 12-6
An Outside User Attempts to Access an Inside Host 12-7
A DMZ User Attempts to Access an Inside Host 12-8
Transparent Mode Overview 12-8
Transparent Firewall Features 12-9
Using the Transparent Firewall in Your Network 12-10
Transparent Firewall Guidelines 12-10
Unsupported Features in Transparent Mode 12-11
How Data Moves Through the Transparent Firewall 12-12
An Inside User Visits a Web Server 12-13
An Outside User Visits a Web Server on the Inside Network 12-14
An Outside User Attempts to Access an Inside Host 12-15
CHAPTER
13 Identifying Traffic with Access Lists 13-1
Access List Overview 13-1
Access List Types and Uses 13-2
Access List Type Overview 13-2
Controlling Network Access for IP Traffic (Extended) 13-2
Identifying Traffic for AAA Rules (Extended) 13-3
Controlling Network Access for IP Traffic for a Given User (Extended) 13-4
Identifying Addresses for Policy NAT and NAT Exemption (Extended) 13-4
VPN Access (Extended) 13-5
Identify Traffic in a Class Map for Modular Policy Framework 13-5
Controlling Network Access for Non-IP Traffic (EtherType) 13-6
Redistributing OSPF Routes (Standard) 13-6
- Configuration Guide 1
- CONTENTS 3
- 2 Getting Started 2-1 4
- 9 Configuring IPv6 9-1 6
- 11 Configuring Failover 11-1 7
- 2 Configuring the Firewall 9
- 14 Applying NAT 14-1 10
- Contents 11
- OL-6721-01 11
- 20 Applying QoS Policies 20-1 13
- 3 Configuring VPN 16
- 4 System Administration 19
- B Sample Configurations B-1 21
- About This Guide 23
- Related Documentation 24
- Document Organization 24
- Part 3: Configuring VPN 25
- Document Conventions 26
- Obtaining Documentation 27
- Documentation Feedback 27
- Submitting a Service Request 28
- Firewall Functional Overview 33
- Security Policy Overview 34
- Stateful Inspection Overview 36
- VPN Functional Overview 37
- Security Context Overview 37
- Security Context Overview 38
- Getting Started 39
- Saving Configuration Changes 41
- Viewing the Configuration 41
- Interface.” 43
- Unsupported Features 46
- Context Configuration Files 46
- Shared Interface Guidelines 51
- Cascading Security Contexts 53
- Restoring Single Context Mode 55
- Configuring Ethernet Settings 57
- Configuring Subinterfaces 58
- Configuring Subinterfaces 60
- Removing a Security Context 65
- Changing the Admin Context 65
- Reloading a Security Context 67
- Monitoring Security Contexts 68
- Viewing Resource Usage 69
- Security Level Overview 71
- Configuring the Interface 72
- Security Level 74
- Configuring Basic Settings 77
- Setting the Hostname 78
- Setting the Domain Name 78
- Setting the Date and Time 78
- Configuring a Static Route 84
- Configuring OSPF 85
- OSPF Overview 86
- Enabling OSPF 87
- Adding a Route Map 88
- Configuring OSPF NSSA 93
- Generating a Default Route 95
- Monitoring OSPF 97
- Restarting the OSPF Process 97
- Configuring RIP 98
- Configuring Multicast Routing 99
- Enabling Multicast Routing 100
- Configuring IGMP Features 100
- Configuring Group Membership 101
- Changing the IGMP Version 103
- Configuring PIM Features 104
- Configuring DHCP 106
- Configuring DHCP Options 108
- Configuring the DHCP Client 110
- Configuring IPv6 111
- Configuring IPv6 Access Lists 114
- The show ipv6 route Command 116
- IPv6 Configuration Example 117
- AAA Overview 119
- About Authentication 120
- About Authorization 120
- About Accounting 120
- Summary of Support 121
- RADIUS Server Support 122
- TACACS+ Server Support 123
- SDI Server Support 124
- NT Server Support 125
- Kerberos Server Support 125
- LDAP Server Support 126
- Local Database Support 126
- Fallback Support 127
- Configuring Failover 133
- Failover System Requirements 134
- The Failover and State Links 135
- State Link 136
- Active/Standby Failover 137
- Understanding Failover 138
- Command Replication 139
- Failover Triggers 140
- Failover Actions 140
- Active/Active Failover 141
- Regular and Stateful Failover 145
- Failover Health Monitoring 146
- Prerequisites 148
- Configuring the Primary Unit 150
- Configuring Failover Criteria 154
- Configure the Primary Unit 157
- Configure the Secondary Unit 159
- Figure 11-1 ASR Example 163
- Configuring Failover 164
- Show Failover—Active/Active 169
- Viewing Monitored Interfaces 173
- Forcing Failover 174
- Disabling Failover 175
- Monitoring Failover 175
- Debug Messages 176
- Configuring the Firewall 185
- Firewall Mode Overview 187
- IP Routing Support 188
- Network Address Translation 188
- Routed Mode Overview 189
- Figure 12-2 Inside to Outside 190
- Transparent Mode Overview 194
- Transparent Firewall Features 195
- Transparent Mode Overview 196
- Access List Overview 203
- Access List Types and Uses 204
- Access List Overview 206
- VPN Access (Extended) 207
- Access List Guidelines 208
- Access Control Implicit Deny 209
- Adding a Standard Access List 215
- Adding Object Groups 216
- Adding a Network Object Group 217
- Adding a Service Object Group 217
- Nesting Object Groups 219
- Displaying Object Groups 221
- Removing Object Groups 221
- Time Range Options 222
- Logging Access List Activity 222
- Access List Logging Overview 223
- access_list_name 224
- Managing Deny Flows 225
- Applying NAT 227
- Introduction to NAT 228
- NAT Control 229
- Chapter 14 Applying NAT 230
- NAT Overview 230
- NAT Types 231
- Static NAT 233
- Static PAT 233
- Figure 14-7 Static PAT 234
- Policy NAT 235
- Mapped Address Guidelines 239
- DNS and NAT 240
- Configuring NAT Control 241
- Using Dynamic NAT and PAT 242
- Global 2: 209.165.201.11 245
- NAT 2: 192.168.1.0/24 245
- Figure 14-19 Dynamic NAT 248
- Figure 14-20 Dynamic PAT 248
- Using Static NAT 251
- Using Static PAT 252
- Bypassing NAT 255
- 209.165.201.1 209.165.201.1 256
- Inside Outside 256
- 209.165.201.2 209.165.201.2 256
- Security 256
- Appliance 256
- Configuring NAT Exemption 257
- NAT Examples 258
- Overlapping Networks 259
- Redirecting Ports 260
- NAT Examples 262
- AAA Performance 269
- Authentication Overview 270
- Applying Filtering Services 281
- Filtering ActiveX Objects 282
- Filtering Java Applets 283
- Filtering Overview 284
- General Procedure 285
- Filtering HTTP URLs 287
- Filtering HTTPS URLs 288
- Filtering FTP Requests 289
- Viewing Caching Statistics 291
- Overview 293
- Class Map Example 296
- Policy Map Procedure 297
- Policy Map Examples 298
- Restrictions 299
- Action Order 301
- Advanced Options 302
- Types of Direction Policies 303
- Implicit Direction Policies 303
- Examples 303
- Service Policy and NAT 306
- Configuring TCP Normalization 310
- Preventing IP Spoofing 311
- Configuring the Fragment Size 313
- Blocking Unwanted Connections 313
- Applying QoS Policies 315
- QoS Concepts 316
- Identifying Traffic for QoS 317
- Classifying Traffic for QoS 318
- Defining a QoS Policy Map 320
- Applying Rate Limiting 320
- Verifying QoS Statistics 322
- Activating the Service Policy 323
- Applying Low Latency Queueing 323
- Configuring Priority Queuing 324
- Sizing the Priority Queue 324
- Reducing Queue Latency 324
- Viewing QoS Statistics 325
- How Inspection Engines Work 328
- Supported Protocols 329
- Managing CTIQBE Inspection 336
- Managing FTP Inspection 340
- Configuring FTP Inspection 341
- Managing GTP Inspection 345
- Managing H.323 Inspection 350
- Limitations and Restrictions 351
- Monitoring H.225 Sessions 354
- Monitoring H.245 Sessions 355
- Monitoring H.323 RAS Sessions 355
- Managing HTTP Inspection 356
- Managing MGCP Inspection 359
- MGCP Inspection Overview 360
- Managing MGCP Inspection 361
- Managing RTSP Inspection 365
- RTSP Inspection Overview 366
- Using RealPlayer 366
- Restrictions and Limitations 367
- Managing SIP Inspection 369
- SCCP Inspection Overview 373
- Supporting Cisco IP Phones 374
- Managing SNMP Inspection 379
- SNMP Inspection Overview 380
- Parameters 383
- Adding a Static ARP Entry 384
- Enabling ARP Inspection 384
- MAC Address Table Overview 385
- Adding a Static MAC Address 385
- Viewing the MAC Address Table 386
- Configuring VPN 387
- Configuring IPSec and ISAKMP 389
- IPSec Overview 390
- Configuring ISAKMP 390
- ISAKMP Overview 391
- Configuring ISAKMP Policies 392
- Enabling IPSec over NAT-T 395
- Enabling IPSec over TCP 395
- Configuring IPSec 399
- Understanding Transform Sets 400
- Defining Crypto Maps 400
- Using Interface Access Lists 401
- Configuring IPSec 402
- Changing IPSec SA Lifetimes 403
- Using Dynamic Crypto Maps 406
- Configuring Client Update 412
- Configuring Client Update 414
- • Group Policies, page 25-10 415
- Tunnel Groups 416
- IPSec Connection Parameters 417
- Configuring Tunnel Groups 418
- Group Policies 424
- Default Group Policy 425
- Configuring Group Policies 426
- ACL name 428
- Configuring Users 440
- Configuring Specific Users 441
- Configuring User Attributes 442
- Configuring Users 446
- Configuring AAA Addressing 448
- Configuring DHCP Addressing 449
- Summary of the Configuration 451
- Configuring Interfaces 452
- Outside Interface 453
- Configuring an Address Pool 454
- Adding a User 454
- Creating a Transform Set 454
- Defining a Tunnel Group 455
- Step 4 Save your changes 456
- Step 3 Save your changes 456
- Configuring LAN-to-LAN VPNs 459
- Configuring an ACL 462
- Step 2 Save your changes 465
- Configuring Certificates 467
- Certificate Scalability 468
- About Key Pairs 468
- About Trustpoints 469
- About CRLs 469
- Certificate Configuration 470
- Configuring Key Pairs 471
- Configuring Trustpoints 472
- Obtaining Certificates 474
- [ certificate data omitted ] 476
- [ PKCS12 data omitted ] 480
- System Administration 483
- Managing System Access 485
- Allowing SSH Access 486
- Using an SSH Client 487
- Changing the Login Password 487
- Recovering from a Lockout 499
- Configuring a Login Banner 500
- Configurations 501
- Entering a New Activation Key 502
- Installation Overview 502
- Viewing Files in Flash Memory 502
- Backing Up the Configuration 506
- Using System Log Messages 509
- Using SNMP 509
- Enabling SNMP 511
- Testing Your Configuration 512
- Performing Password Recovery 517
- Other Troubleshooting Tools 519
- Common Problems 520
- Supported Platforms 523
- Platform Feature Licenses 523
- Platform Feature Licenses 524
- VPN Specifications 526
- Cryptographic Standards 527
- VPN Specifications 528
- Sample Configurations 529
- Figure B-2 Example 2 534
- Figure B-3 Example 3 536
- APPENDIX 545
- Command Modes and Prompts 546
- Syntax Formatting 547
- Abbreviating Commands 547
- Command-Line Editing 547
- Command Completion 547
- Command Help 548
- Filtering show Command Output 548
- Command Output Paging 549
- Adding Comments 549
- Text Configuration Files 550
- Line Order 551
- Passwords 551
- Text Configuration Files 552
- Private Networks 554
- Subnet Masks 554
- Determining the Subnet Mask 555
- Class C-Size Network Address 556
- Class B-Size Network Address 556
- IPv6 Addresses 557
- IPv6 Address Types 558
- Global Address 559
- Site-Local Address 559
- Link-Local Address 559
- Unspecified Address 560
- Loopback Address 560
- Interface Identifiers 560
- Multicast Address 560
- Anycast Address 561
- IPv6 Address Prefixes 562
- Protocols and Applications 563
- TCP and UDP Ports 564
- TCP and UDP Ports 565
- Local Ports and Protocols 566
- ICMP Types 567
- ICMP Types 568
- Numerics 569
- Glossary 570
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