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B-1
Catalyst 4224 Access Gateway Switch Software Configuration Guide
OL-2031-02
APPENDIX
B
Synopsis of Basic VoIP Concepts
The Catalyst 4224 Access Gateway Switch (Catalyst 4224) provides Voice over
IP (VoIP) gateway applications for a micro branch office. This chapter introduces
some basic VoIP concepts.
This chapter contains these sections:
• VoIP Overview, page B-1
• A Voice Primer, page B-2
VoIP Overview
The VoIP application allows a Catalyst 4224 to convert analog voice signals such
as telephone calls and faxes into digital IP packets and distribute these packets
across a WAN. In VoIP technology, a digital signal processor (DSP) segments the
voice signals into frames and stores them in packets. These packets are
transported using IP in compliance with the International Telecommunication
Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector’s (ITU-T’s) specification
H.323, the specification for transmitting multimedia (voice, video, and data)
across a network.
Because VoIP is a delay-sensitive application, you need to fine-tune your network
from end to end before implementing VoIP. Fine-tuning your network to support
VoIP incorporates a series of protocols and features that improve quality of
service (QoS). Furthermore, you must take traffic shaping into account to ensure
the reliability of VoIP.
- Catalyst 4224 Access Gateway 1
- CONTENTS 3
- 6 Configuring VoIP 6-1 8
- Contents 10
- OL-2031-02 10
- 10 Traffic Shaping 10-1 11
- Objectives 17
- Audience 18
- Organization 18
- Related Documentation 19
- Obtaining Documentation 21
- Ordering Documentation 22
- Documentation Feedback 22
- Cisco.com 23
- Technical Assistance Center 23
- Cisco TAC Website 24
- Cisco TAC Escalation Center 25
- Product Overview 27
- Features 28
- Solution 29
- IP Telephony 31
- VoIP Gateway 32
- IP Routing and WAN Features 33
- Quality of Service 35
- VPN and Firewall Features 35
- Application Notes 36
- DSP Allocation 37
- InterVLAN Routing 40
- Layer 2 QoS 40
- Separate Voice and Data VLANs 41
- Layer 3 QoS 42
- Configuration Guidelines 44
- Voice Port Configuration 47
- Recommended Configurations 48
- No VTP or DTP Support 49
- Creating a VLAN 49
- Trunking 50
- Fractional PRI Configuration 50
- No Ring Back Tone Generated 51
- IP Multicast Support 55
- First-Time Configuration 57
- Booting the Catalyst 4224 58
- Connecting a Terminal 59
- Connecting a Modem 59
- Interface Numbering 60
- Using the Cisco IOS CLI 61
- Getting Help 62
- Default Switch Configuration 66
- Voice Traffic and VVID 69
- Sample Configuration 1 70
- Sample Configuration 2 70
- Multiple Ports 73
- Adding Trap Managers 75
- Configuring IP Information 75
- Removing an IP Address 77
- Configuring Voice Ports 78
- Managing the ARP Table 81
- MAC Addresses and VLANs 83
- Adding Secure Addresses 84
- Removing Secure Addresses 85
- Adding Static Addresses 86
- Removing Static Addresses 87
- Interfaces 94
- Table 4-2 ISDN Switch Types 99
- Configuring T1 Interfaces 100
- Configuring E1 Interfaces 104
- Saving Configuration Changes 107
- Configuring Voice Interfaces 109
- MGCP Configuration 111
- Enabling MGCP 112
- • E&M Wink Start 116
- • E&M Delay Start 116
- Sample Configuration 123
- H.323 Gateway Configuration 124
- FXS Emulation Example 129
- FXO Emulation Example 131
- E&M Emulation Example 131
- Configuring ISDN BRI Lines 134
- Gateway 1 Configuration 138
- T1/E1 Configuration (H.323) 139
- T1/PRI Configuration Example 141
- E1/PRI Configuration Example 142
- Scenario 143
- San Jose 144
- Salt Lake City 144
- Configuring VoIP 147
- Prerequisite Tasks 148
- Configuration Tasks 149
- Configure RSVP for Voice 151
- RSVP Configuration Example 152
- • Links slower than two Mbps 153
- Configure Custom Queuing 157
- Configure Number Expansion 158
- Configure Dial Peers 161
- Configure POTS Dial Peers 166
- Configure VoIP Dial Peers 167
- Configure Voice Ports 168
- Verifying Your Configuration 170
- Troubleshooting Tips 171
- Configure E&M Voice Ports 173
- Fine-Tune E&M Voice Ports 176
- Configure RSVP for Dial Peers 180
- Conventions 188
- Configuring FXS Voice Ports 188
- Validating the Configuration 190
- Fine-Tuning FXS Voice Ports 192
- Activating the Voice Port 194
- Telephony 201
- Restrictions 202
- Prerequisites 203
- Supported Features 203
- Fallback Behavior 204
- SRST Configuration Example 212
- Voice Gateways 215
- Overview 216
- Cisco Fax Relay 217
- Traffic Shaping 219
- About Traffic Shaping 220
- • A specific configured rate 221
- Discard Eligible Bit 222
- Generic Traffic Shaping 224
- Configuration and Commands 225
- Class-Based Traffic Shaping 226
- Frame Relay Traffic Shaping 227
- How It Works 228
- Derived Rates 228
- Distributed Traffic Shaping 230
- Configuration 231
- Low-Latency Queueing 232
- Interface 242
- Verifying the Configuration 243
- Sample Configurations 243
- Configuration File for Peer 1 248
- Configuration File for Peer 2 250
- Novell IPX 253
- IPX MIB Support 254
- IPX Enhanced IGRP Support 254
- IPX Configuration 255
- Phase One: SNA Centric 258
- Phase Two: IP Transport 259
- Phase Three: IP Client 260
- Phase Four: IP Centric 261
- Summary of Four-Phase Model 261
- Line Consolidation 262
- FEP Replacement 262
- Desktop Consolidation 263
- SNA Configuration 264
- APPENDIX 265
- Syntax Description 266
- Defaults 266
- Command Modes 266
- Usage Guidelines 266
- Examples 269
- VoIP Overview 277
- A Voice Primer 278
- Numbering Scheme 279
- Analog Versus Digital 279
- Mean Opinion Score 280
- Signaling 283
- VoIP Configuration Examples 285
- Router San Jose Configuration 292
- FXO Gateway to PSTN 294
- OL-2031-01 299
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